Minuartia genculata is a halophytic plant growing in salty ground, belongs to family Caryophllaceae. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of phenolics, flavonoids in highly concentrated in ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction. Total contents of phenolics, flavonoids in methanolic extract were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu { phenolics) and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods (flavonoids). The ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited highest percent inhibition of the DPPH radical as compared to the other fractions (IC₅₀ =89.01µg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid, with potential anti antiviral (against HAV-10), and cytotoxicity potential against HCT-116 cells and HPG-2 cell with IC₅₀ 3.96 +0.1µg/ml and 7.04+ 0.21µg/ml with moderate anti-bacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative. GC/ MS analysis of unsaponfiable matter and HPLC analysis of phenolics and flavonoids of M genculata revealed the presence of 16, 20 and 27 compounds, with the most abundant compounds are (comp.12, Rt 61,) Stigmasterol 43.09% ,and (comp. 17, Rt14.4, coumarin 43 mg/`00g, Luteolin-6-arabinose-8-glucose 1570 µg %. Four compounds were isolated and identified from ethyl acetate fraction as vanillic acid, quercetin, apigenin and Luteolin. The isolated compounds were identified by UV, EI-MS, ¹ H-NMR, ¹³CNMR. HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS of methanol extract lead to of 41compounds were identified, including amino acids, flavonoids, coumarins and phenolic acids.">

Crateva adansonii is used in Benin to both therapeutic and ceremonial purposes. It appears from the results phytochemical the presence of phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds and steroids and terpenoids and mucilages. This justifies its high use in traditional medicine. As for nutritional parameters, it is a great source of nutrients through the presence of iron, zinc, protein, Nitrogen TKN, Magnesium, Calcium and Potassium. But the ecotoxicological assay revealed a slight heavy metal contamination namely lead and cadmium respectively 1.51 and 1.3 times more than the standards recommended by WHO. The study has revealed the level of knowledge of the uses of the plant and the various pathologies treated. Also we note that it has a very high potential nutrient substances. But a slight heavy metal contamination compromises its use.many virtues and practices, environmental pollution and cultivation techniques affect its safe use. The study is initiated to ensure and promote a better medicinal security through its use in the treatment of diseases. Ethnobotany study involved administering a questionnaire to saleswomen of medicinal plants in three targeted markets. Phytochemical screening is performed based on the reactions of precipitation and colorations of the leading chemicals groups by the method of Houghton and Rama. Ecotoxicological assays are based on the experimental protocol defined by Rothery in "Analytical Method for Graphite Furnace Atomizers". Nutritional parameters were measured.The ethnobotanical study revealed that Crateva adansonii is used in Benin to both therapeutic and ceremonial purposes. It appears from the results phytochemical the presence of phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds and steroids and terpenoids and mucilages. This justifies its high use in traditional medicine. As for nutritional parameters, it is a great source of nutrients through the presence of iron, zinc, protein, Nitrogen TKN, Magnesium, Calcium and Potassium. But the ecotoxicological assay revealed a slight heavy metal contamination namely lead and cadmium respectively 1.51 and 1.3 times more than the standards recommended by WHO. The study has revealed the level of knowledge of the uses of the plant and the various pathologies treated. Also we note that it has a very high potential nutrient substances. But a slight heavy metal contamination compromises its use.">

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Pisonia grandis is a flowering tree of the Nyctaginaceae family, and is distributed throughout the coral cays of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is also commonly seen planted and reared in many households of the local areas of Coimbatore - one of the southern districts of Tamilnadu, India. The species often dominates mature coral cay vegetation, growing in dense stands up to 20 metres tall. Pisonia wood is rather weak and soft and decays rapidly when the trees fall. In continuation of our studies on validation of the medicinal potential of this plant, its in-vitro wound healing potential was assessed by chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The leaf petroleum ether extract of Pisonia grandis shows slightly higher percentage of blood vessel formation (50% increase) than the leaf ethanol extract (44%) whereas the dewaxed ethanol extract of leaves of Pisonia grandis express an equivalent decrease (44%). It may be proposed that the non-polar constituents of the non-polar extract of Pisonia grandis might play a greater role in stimulating angiogenesis than the constituents of the dewaxed leaf ethanol extract">

A survey of medicinal plants of different rural and forest areas of Tamenglong district in Liangmai village was conducted. It was found that the drug preparations of plant origin are commonly used by the Liangmai Naga, local inhabitants and folk practitioners for the treatment of skin diseases. About 27 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 21 families are described along with the method of drug preparation and mode of administration. The aim of the study is not only to prescribe the remedies for skin diseases in human beings but also an endeavor to draw attention for the need of a detailed study on medicinal plants of the area, which could provide better and efficient remedies for many other dreadful diseases.">

Natural products including alkaloids from algae may provide alternative source for new natural antioxidants due to their novel structure.  In the present study the antioxidant properties of alkaloids extracted from Sargassum hornschuchii and Cystoseira compressa were assessed using various in vitro systems including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reduction and reducing power activity at different  concentrations (6.25 to 100 mg/ml).  The results showed that alkaloids rich extracts exhibit antiradical activity and reduction ability in concentration dependent.  Extracts exhibit significant low scavenging activity on DPPH and nitric oxide radical activity compared to standard, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).  Reducing power and total antioxidant of extracts showed less effect compared to standard, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Superoxide, and hydroxyl radical assays showed a comparable scavenging activity compared to its standard. Therefore, new separation, purification techniques, and powerful identification methods are recommended to improve their antioxidant activity.">

The excessive use of plant organs such as bark, trunk and especially roots often leads to their disappearance. The overall objective of this study is to contribute to the valorization of Griffonia simplicifolia seeds from Togolese flora in agro-food and phytomedicine with biodiversity conservation. Specifically, this consists analyzing the phytochemical composition of the seeds, determining their mineral composition; and identifying some essential amino acids available in these seeds. The results obtained show that the Soxhlet extraction of the seeds’ powder with hydro-methanolic mixture (50%-50%: V/V) gave a yield of total extracts of 30.72 ± 1, 45%. Phytochemical screening of the total extracts by staining and precipitation tests revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and total phenols are the major chemical groups contained in the extract. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy assay has proved in the seeds the presence of minerals such as: Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn, with varying contents. Paper chromatography analysis shows that the seeds would probably contain amino acids such as: Ile, Trp, Phe and Leu. However, the analysis did not clearly identify the presence of other amino acids such as: Ala, Arg, Lys and Cys. In conclusion, the seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia have a significant nutritional potential and contain phytoconstituents with interesting pharmacological properties to promote its use in agri-food and phytomedicine in Togo. However, other studies on toxicity and anti-nutritional substances of the seeds are important before incorporation of these seeds into human beings’ diet.

The study aims to standardize a new vaginal herbal formulation consisting of stem barks of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Saraca asoca Roxb. since they have been used as Ayurvedic medicines for treatment of vaginitis/leucorrhoea and known to contain phenolic and flavonoidic compounds. The extractive value for hydro-alcoholic extract is 8.17 % w/w while total Phenol Content was 101.22 µg/mg Gallic acid equivalents and Total Flavonoid Content was 43.37 µg/mg Quercetin equivalents.When six types of muco-adhesive vaginal tablets having around 500 - 550 mg active research drug and varying amounts of excipients, binders and developers were examined, formulation F-V_NA(iv) was found to be the most suitable due to high muco-adhesive strength, low swelling index and maximum sustained drug releasing pattern.  Standardization studies of F-V_NA(iv) indicated 994.50±10.20 mg average weight, 5.90± 0.03 mm thickness, 10.2± 4.04 kg/sq.cm hardness, 1.16% w/w friability, 4.82± 0.05 surface pH, 53.18± 3.28 % w/w swelling index at 24 hours and 0.788± 0.04 Newton muco-adhesive force.

F-V_NA(iv) was further investigated for its in-vitro kinetic release pattern of drug delivery following the Zero order, First order, Higuchi's, Korsmeyer and Peppas & Korsmeyer and Peppas kinetics models, and its release pattern was found closest to the First-order Fickian diffusion controlled model, following the sphere geometry where drug dissolution exceeded 80% after 12 hours.The in-situ kinetic release study revealed 14.30±0.12%, 16.77±0.79%, 18.29±0.98%, 28.12±1.88% and 34.70±0.83% cumulative drug release during the first 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours respectively, indicating that maximum drug concentration remained in vagina mucus membrane.Comparison of efficacy of F-V_NA(iv) with standard vaginal tablet Candid-V6 using the zone of inhibition method suggests its comparable but slightly lower antibacterial and antifungal activity against E. coli and Candida albicans microbes.HPTLC analysis at 277 nm wavelength suggests the presence of phenolic compounds Gallic acid and Quercetin having R_f values of 0.59 and 0.70 in the research drug powder and vaginal tablet which could be directly related to the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of F-V_NA(iv).The results indicate that this formulation is likely to provide sustained releasing of anti-vaginitis and anti-leucorrhoea drug delivery system in the form of an effective muco-adhesive vaginal tablet. 

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Atlantia racemosa (Rutaceae) is a small tree or shrub, differing from the other species of Atlantia and it is always unarmed, found in the lower mountain regions of Ceylon, in Southern India and in the western peninsula from the concan to Travancore. Plant fruit pulp paste works as an antidote to Cobra bite while the leaf juice is taken internally to treat acidity. Leaf dodoction is externally applied on itching skin. Seed oil of this plant is used to cure paralysis and chronic rheumatism. The plant material was extracted by using different solvents such as chloroform, acetone, and methanol and aqueous. The plant extracts analyzed for phytochemical compounds and determined Antibacterial activity using the agar plate well diffusion method.">