Corrosion is a natural process converts metals and alloys in to its oxide, hydroxide etc. In this process the metal is destructed gradually by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their surrounding environment. Since the open environment has harmful gases and acids in the air, many metals are affected by this destructed process and they loss their chemical and physical properties. Aluminium is one of the most important metals on the earth which is widely used in different kind of activities. Generally aluminium metal exists in the forms of their oxide and it has high corrosion resistance to atmosphere and pure water but it is corroded adversely in presence of acidic environment. The corrosion inhibition of aluminium by Euphorbia neriifolia linn in different solution of HNO₃ was investigated by weight less and thermometer method at 301K temperature. It was found from the study that the inhibition efficiency increases with increase in the concentration of extract of plant in HNO₃ solution. The study shows that extract of Euphorbia neriifolia linn is an efficient natural corrosion inhibitor in acidic medium. The stem extract is better inhibitor than leaves and flower extract of the plant. Adsorption reaction of plant extract depends on its chemical constituents who show that the plant extract has various compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins etc. These hetrocyclic compounds contains O, N, and S atoms with lone pair electrons that formed coordinate bond with metal and block the active centres on the metal surface and protect the metal from corrosion.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Pterocarpus erinaceus leaf extract.  Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytochemical constituents were performed based on standard protocols. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assayed by determination of the diameter of the zone of inhibition against the test organisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger using agar well diffusion method.  The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones, while saponins were absent. Quantitative analysis revealed more phytochemicals such as tannins, alkaloids, steroids, phytate, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and anthraquinones. The ethanolic extracts displayed greater anti-microbial effect than aqueous extracts. The mean diameter zones of inhibition ranged from 25 to 29 mm for the ethanol extract and 13 to 24 mm for the aqueous extract at the highest concentration of 20 mg/ml. This study suggests that P.erinaceus leaf has potent antimicrobial activity against microbes and a considerable quantity of phytochemicals.

Tannic acid catalyzed one-pot synthesis of bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl)methanes, from aromatic aldehyde, and 4- hydroxycoumarine in the presence of tannic acid (5mol %) as a catalyst was stirred at reflux temperature in ethanol:water (1:1) for specified period of time. The notable advantages of this method are the experimental simplicity, inexpensive reagents, short reaction times and easy workup procedure.

A survey was conducted during 2017 to 2019 for isolation of fungi from soil samples of Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada-08, to study the ability of soil fungi for green mycogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles. 297 fungal isolates were isolated in 2017 and 321 fungal isolates were isolated in 2018. The study of biomass production was useful for synthesis of silver nanoparticle by different soil fungi. So, the highest biomass production was shown by Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma harzianum in PDA broth and in MEA broth A. niger, T. viride. An attempt was made to Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from nine soil fungal isolates. Among them Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trichoderma viride aqueous live cell extract supported the synthesis of highly efficient and stable AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV- Visible spectroscopy and shown characteristic surface plasmon absorption at 420 nm. The best solvent to show excellent mycochemical composition was Methanol for A. fumigatus lives cell filtrate and Ethanol for T. viride live cell filtrate. The 20% and 25% concentrations of A. fumigatus and T. viride live cell filtrate showed 100% inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi. 

The production of first-generation bioethanol has been listed as one of the main factors behind soaring food prices. Lignocellulosic biomass represents however, one of the best promising resources for 2^nd generation bioethanol production. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions for the hydrolysis of pineapple peels based on a cocktail of enzymes. The methodology applied was to make a mechanical pretreatment of the peels after drying, coupled or not with Alcell Organosolv pretreatment and followed by enzymatic or acidic saccharification. Acid and enzymatic saccharification reactions were monitored by refractometric measurement, or by means of high performance chromatographic analysis. The results obtained showed that without enzyme or acid, none hydrolysis is possible. However, the enzymatic activity becomes optimal for a pH of 4.1, a temperature of 45 to 55 °C and an amount of enzymes of 0.25 mL/g of dry biomass. By the enzymatic hydrolysis method based on optimal conditions, β-D-glucose is produced with a yield of 73.16% relative to the dry biomass used. The efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis method with respect to the acid hydrolysis was evaluated at a rate of 36.84%, corresponding to the increase of the yield of β-D-glucose production. The production yield of bioethanol by the enzymatic hydrolysis method of pineapple peels is 11.57%, whereas with the method of acidic hydrolysis with H₂SO₄, the most yield obtained is 1.98%. The application of these large scale experimental data would contribute to the production of 2^nd generation ethanol fuel at a reasonable price.">

Palm kernel oil rich in lauric acid is the oil extracted from from the palm nut kernel from Elaeis guineensis. The objective of this work is to contribute to the valorization of local vegetable oils and in particular that of palm nuts for cosmetic, food and therapeutic uses in Togo. The quality tests were carried out on oil samples collected according to AFNOR standards. All the results obtained show that the palm kernel oils produced in Togo are of good quality compared to the standards and palm kernel oils obtained in other countries. They have a good nutritional value because they are highly calorific with chlorophyll contents comparable to those of olive oil. In addition, these oils would have a high capacity to transform into soap due to their high saponification index in combination with other oils of interest. However, because of their high content of saturated fatty acids, their food use should be sparing even if this characteristic reduces their rancidity during storage.