To limit the adverse effects of global warming, biofuels are currently one of the credible alternatives to fossil fuels whose consumption is a source of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution with harmful effects. The present study aims to contribute to the fight against greenhouse gas emissions by converting wastes from rice cultivation in Kovié, Togo, into bioethanol. The hydrolysis of the rice waste was catalysed under heat and reflux with concentrated H₂SO₄ by varying the acid content from 0-10%. The pH of the hydrolysates and musts was measured with a pH meter. The variation of the concentration of the hydrolysates during the ethanolic fermentation reaction, carried out in Batch & Fed-Batch mode with the baker's yeast "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", was monitored by measuring the Brix degree using a refractometer. The bioethanol produced was purified by split distillation. The alcoholic strength of the distillates was determined by the pycnometric method, according to the guidelines of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).

The growth of silkworm, Bombyx mori in three body dimensions of mass, length and perimeter was examined by feeding its larvae with honey-fortified mulberry leaf. Larval growth trends were analyzed by preparing dual purpose growth charts with exponential and logarithmic functions.  The body mass accumulation projected progressively increasing trends from third to fifth instar, but declined during molting periods and larval-pupal-adult transitions, reflecting similar growth changes in body length and body perimeter.   The silkworm showed day-specific, instar-specific and stage-specific variations in its growth that facilitated the attainment of critical body size determinants in third and fourth in stars and threshold size body determinants in the fifth instar that followed a definitive time sequence. It was presumed that the growth increments were caused by the accumulation of energy reserves and structures that are necessary for future use during metamorphosis as enshrined in the Hutchinson’s investment principle. Higher growth ratios registered in the present study indicate that the silkworm growth systematically violates the Dyar’s constancy rule. The honey-enriched mulberry diet showed its growth stimulating effect throughout metamorphosis. It positively modulated the larval growth and minimized growth loss during molting, pupal and adult stages, without affecting the conditions under the Hutchinson’s investment principle and Dyar’s constancy rule. Interestingly, the honey-rich diet did not alter the timelines of the attainment of critical size dimensions in third and fourth in stars and threshold size dimensions in the final fifth instar.  The diet supplemented with honey is strongly recommended for profitable gains in sericulture.

Succinimide-N-sulfonic acid was observed to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone derivatives. The facile, efficient, one-pot, three component Biginelli condensation of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and urea/thiourea catalyzed by 10% of SuSA catalyst under solvent-free condition. The advantage of this new protocol is short reaction time, good yield, solvent-free and simple reaction procedure. Products were analyzed and identified using spectroscopic and physical data.

Flavones constitute a large segment of natural products. Synthesis of flavones and their derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their significant biological effects investigated along with their corresponding chalcones against some bacterial as well as fungal strains. Title compound 5-(benzyloxy)-7-methyl-2-(substituted phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(2a-g) have been synthesized from1-[2-benzyloxy-6-hydroxy-4-methyl phenyl]-3- (substituted phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one(1a-g). The structural assignment of the compounds were based on elements analysis and IR, ¹H NMR, LC Mass, ¹³CMR spectral data. All the Screening has been done on synthetic substances to determine antimicrobial activity to gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity. The chemicals that were created have been compared with standard drugs like Amoxycillin, Ciprofloxecine and Griseofulvin. Purity of There have been manufactured chemicals checked by TLC.

A compound 2-[ (2-amino-6-substituted phenyl) pyrimidin-4-yl]-3- (benzyloxy) -5-methyl phenol (2a-g) have been synthesized from  1-[2-benzyloxy-6-hydroxy-4-methyl phenyl]-3- (substituted phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one(1a-g).The structural assignment of the compounds was based on elements analysis and IR, ¹H NMR and Mass spectral data. All the Screening has been done on synthetic substances to determine antimicrobial activity to gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds have been compared with standard drugs like Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Griseofulvin. Purity of synthesized compounds have been checked by TLC.