For development in the industrial field, automobile sectors and other advance fields metal production is of primarily important. This is the cause of competing the developing countries among themselves for the production of different kind of metals by using different modern technologies economically and easily. Steel industries is now a growing industrial sector all over the world. India occupy second position in metal production after china. The generation of huge amount of various kinds of solid waste from different integrated steel industries of the world and also in India is a challenge for scientist and researchers. Hence its disposal, eco-utilization and management is of much essential to save our environment from extra pollution load. Different kinds of solid waste such as BF slag, granulated BF slag, SMS slag, BF sludge, Sinter sludge, Fly ash along with unused raw materials are generated from integrated steel industries, which not only increases the pollution load of the environment at that area but also affect the socioeconomic factors of the local people and sometimes destroys the agricultural land nearby it and disturbs the ecosystem. In this paper major emphasis is given to reduce the pollution load by utilizing proper technique of waste disposal, management and eco-utilization.

1-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione  was synthesized by reacting  succinic anhydride with 4-methylpyridin-2-amine  in presence of water .Thereafter a novel Bis chalcones derivatives were synthesized by condensing  1-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione  with different substituted aromatic aldehydes upon microwave irradiation. The novel Bis-isoxazole derivatives were synthesized by resulting bis-chalcones underwent ring closer with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in presence of neutral alumina upon microwave irradiation solvent free method. All the afforded compounds were characterized by spectral analysis and elemental analysis.

Two ultrasound-assisted delignification processes of the apompo pulp (Pachira aquatica) were compared. Apompo pulp is a lignocellulosic material with potential for obtaining bioethanol, the percentage of lignin found in the pulp was 29.77%. The alkaline ultrasound-assisted delignification with NaOH at 60 ° C presented the best lignin removal with 67.02%, compared to the process of acid ultrasound-assisted delignification yielding 50.56% removal of lignin. The pulp of the apompo without delignification process has a 4.84% cellulose, this percentage was increased in the delignified pulp by sonication with NaOH at 60 ° C obtaining 66.89% of cellulose.

Solena amplexicaulis, commonly called as the creeping cucumber, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Traditional it is used as astringent, appetizer, carminative, cardiotonic, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, invigorating, purgative and stimulant. Plant also having antioxidant antidiabetic and antibacterial action. The leaves showed potent anti-inflammatory activity. The present study was carried out to establish the pharmacognostical parameters of the plant. The macroscopical and microscopical characters were studied. The transverse section (T.S.) of leaf indicated the presence and arrangement of various cells layers mainly epidermis, parenchyma, collenchyma, vascular bundles and other cells. Powder microscopy was performed and non-lignified fiber and unicellular trichome, prismatic crystal, annular xylem vessel, tracheid and spiral and annular vessel were identified. The histochemical color reaction of T.S with different chemical reagents revealed the presence of carbohydrate, flavonoids, sterols, phenolic & tannins compounds. Fluorescence analysis of powder treated with different chemical reagents was studied under ordinary light, long UV lights. The microscopical standardization parameters always be helpful to maintain purity, quality and for sample identification.

The green plants are the reserves of chlorophyll that not only enable the plants to prepare their food but also benefit the humans and herbivores when ingested. It is an excellent antioxidant and has quite a lot of   bioactivity. Although many methods are known for estimation of chlorophyll content, the spectrophotometric method are, easy and apt method. Chlorophyll content would definitely vary from plant to plant depending on exposure to sunlight, preservation, heating etc. Therefore in the present work we have chosen to address the following issues for the chosen two plants using viz., Mentha piperitia   and Murraya koenigii. A monitor of the chlorophyll content by two methods both are identified with UV-Visible spectrophotometer           and analysized  of variation of chlorophyll over time (by Method 1) and also determined their compensation point. The effect of heat on chlorophyll content by exposing the sample to 5 mins (mild) to 20 mins (strong) and determining the chlorophyll content by Method 2.The evaluated of this above two process by using UV- Visible spectrum of sample between 300-700 nm.

Vis-a-vis the many environmental and social problems related to the urbanisation of natural space, the diagnosis and the environmental evaluation nowadays arouse more and more interest for a livable and sustainable environment. It is in this context that this study is which has as general objective to determine the floristic composition and the structural diversity of the woody species of the town of Bouaflé. With this intention, inventories of arborescent species were carried out inside the plots of 20 m x 20 m (400 m²) coupled to itinerant inventories inside the various types of installation were carried out. The investigations made it possible to identify seven (07) types of town-planning inside whose 99 arborescent species divided into 75 generea and 33 families were listed. Woody in cash richest types of town-planning are the social and educational establishments while the public garden with 3 species and sports equipment with 2 species represent the poorest mediums woody in cash. The cemeteries with a density of 236 trees/ha and a basal area estimated at 61.16 m²/ha represent the mediums floristically densest biotope.

A series of Cu(II) complexes with 6-Nitro-benzothiazole-2-yl-hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV–Vis, mass spectra and magnetic moment. The results of elemental analyses data and Job’s continuous variation method spectrophotometrically indicated the stoichiometry of the complexes as 1:1[M:L] ratio. The FTIR spectral data suggest that the ligand behaves as tridentate moiety with NNO donor atoms around to the metal ion. The UV–Vis spectra and magnetic moment data suggested an tetrahedral geometry in all complexes whereas Cu(BHHM)(Cl)(H₂O) complex show trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The synthesized complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces griseus) two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two funguses (Candida tropicalis and Kluyveromyces marxianus). The antioxidant activities of these complexes were determined by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging activity

Tree borne oil seeds (TBO’s) is one of the important group of Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP’s) having multifarious usage and industrial applications. Maharashtra state is a treasury for genetic and species diversity of TBO’s. In the present investigation morphophysiological studies of 9 TBO’s viz. Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. Parker, Holoptelea integrifolia Planch, Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) A. Chev, Mesua ferrea L., Mimusops elengi L., Moringa oleifera Lam., Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Putranjiva roxburghii Wall, Ricinus communis L. collected from Western Ghats of Maharashtra were studied. Out of the studied TBO’s maximum oil content was recorded in M. ferrea (78.78%) followed by H. integrifolia (54.77%), and lowest in M. elengi (19.84%). Maximum 100 seed weight was observed in M. ferrea (336.8 gm) followed by M. longifolia (332.67 gm) and lowest in H. integrifolia (1.98gm). High fatty acids variation found in P. pinnata and M. oleifera. Oleic acid is found to be a dominant fatty acid in higher concentration in the seeds of studied TBO’s. This investigation also provides information about the oil quality and fatty acid composition. Its industrial applications and bioprospecting is to accessed very much for future use.

The extraction of hemicellulose using pressurized hot water is an environmental-friendly process for the extraction of hemicelluloses from lignocellulosic biomass. However, this process requires high temperature, in the range of 180°C to 210°C, for the extraction of hemicelluloses. This energy-demanding condition leads to undesired sugar degradation which results in the formation of impurities such as acetic acid, HMF and levulinic acid due to degradation of acetyl moieties and side chain from hemicelluloses and consequently less branched hemicelluloses with varying lignin content are obtained. Hemicelluloses were isolated from sugarcane bagasse under mild reaction condition (140°C and 150°C) using inexpensive sea water as solvent. The more branched arabino-xylan hemicelluloses with lesser lignin content were obtained and were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR SEC-MALLS and pyrolysis GC-MS techniques.

Chalcone epoxides are important intermediates for the synthesis of various heterocycles. Eight different chalcones were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide and potassium hydroxide in order to produce the corresponding epoxides containing benzyloxy moiety and all the synthesized epoxides are evaluated for their antimicrobial potency. Most of the synthesized compounds (3a-3h) showed good to moderate activity

Physico - chemical parameters such as P^H, EC, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu were analyzed in the soil samples collected from 20 locations near Western Ghats and their surroundings at Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Soil is an important natural resource on the earth. Soil is the ultimate source of food production since plants from the base of all ecological pyramids and plants grow in soil and derive nutrition from them. Investigation results showed that the N, P, K, Zn and Cu are below the permissible limit. The soil is more acidic and EC also above the limit. The Fe and Mn also above the limit.

Aqueous solutions of calamgite, a hazardousazo textile dye, are photodegraded under visible light using nano ZnO as catalyst. The process has been carried out at different pH, amounts of catalyst, concentrations of the dye, and effects of the Fecl₃. It is found that under the influence of ZnO as catalyst the colored solution of the  calmagite dye becomes colourless and the process follows first-order reaction kinetics. The optimum conditions for the degradation of the dye have been found as 9.0 × 10^-5 mol^-1 dye concentration, pH 9.0, and 70 mg catalyst dose. Which show that the photo degradation through Nano ZnO is a safer technique

: Organosilicon compounds have unique and moderate relativity enabling fine control of organic reactions by additives and reaction conditions. Additionally, they are readily available and relatively less toxic. Thus, their synthetic use has intensively been studied for fine organic synthesis. New types of organosilicon reagents have also been developed to achieve high efficiency, high selectivity and rapid synthesis by a tandem process. Substitution of the unreactive carbon ligand(s) on silicon by hydrogen, chlorine, an oxygen ligand, or a more strained carbon ligand was found to introduce novel relativities into silicon-protected carbon nucleophiles. This paper throws light on the electronic distribution, bonding and the utilization of hypervalent organosilicon compounds as environment friendly reagents for wood preservation.

Vasicinone is a quinazoline alkaloid that can be isolated from A. vasica leaves and demonstrates bronchodilatory activity but bronchoconstrictory activity in vivo. Vasicinone was shown to have an antianaphylactic action though it is a mild cardiac enhancer. Natural products have historically been a fertile source of new drugs for the pharmaceutical industry and considerable efforts have been reported that align natural products with the modern drug discovery paradigm. Thus vasicinone is used in folk medicine as an antirheumatic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiasthmatic and as nasal anticongestant.

Activated carbon has been well-known as an excellent sorbent which has been generally used due for its large adsorption capacity and low cost. In this study, tea dust activated carbon was prepared using microwave-induced activation process using sulphuric acid to remove basic dye from aqueous solution. Batch mode experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the above activated carbon. Home modified microwave with power 850 watts was used for activation process of 5 minutes. Effects of various experimental parameters, such as effect of pH, carbon dose, initial dye concentration and contact time were studied.  The experimental datawere fitted with two well-known isotherm models namely   Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model and two kinetics models like pseudo first order and pseudo second order models. The pH and the structure of the basic dyeplay an important role in the sorption process

The inhibition of the corrosion of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution by Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves extract has been studied using weight loss, Potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic (EIS) techniques. Corrosion rate increases with the increase in acid concentration and temperature. As inhibitor concentration increases corrosion rate decreases while percentage of inhibition efficiency (I.E.) increases. Maximum I.E. of Azadirachta indica leaves extract   was found up to 96.41% at 1.2 g/L inhibitor concentration in 0.75 M HCl solution. Polarization curve indicates that inhibitor act as mixed type.">

Organic pollutants contain feasible gathering of synthetic compounds which may be awfully unsafe to human prosperity. As they continue in nature, they're ready to try to do long limit transportation, bioaccumulation in human and creature tissue and biomagnifications in evolved means of life. Phenol is accounted for to be a standout amongst the foremost toxic ecological waste material present within the unleash of different modern effluents creating a real danger to the present biotic community. Several green growth corrupt phenol by means that of meta-cleavage pathway and accumulate a high quantity of glucose engineered medium. The effectiveness of biodegradation of organic compounds is stricken by the type of the organic pollutant, the character of the organism, the enzyme concerned, the mechanism of degradation and also the nature of the influencing factors. This in addition relies upon aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Beneath aerobic conditions, debasement of phenol was appeared to be started by oxygenation into catechols as intermediates followed by a ring cleavage at either the ortho or Meta position, contingent upon the kind of strain. The preclusive ring fragmentation is accelerate by an ortho cleaving or by a meta cleaving enzyme  catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase and catechol 2,3 dioxygenase respectively, where the yield of ring fragmentation is a cis-muconic acid for the previous and 2-hydro cis muconic semi aldehyde for the latter. Biotechnology has turned out to be a financially savvy and deeply productive technique to evacuate natural defilement. This article offers an intensive audit of previous and current writing managing the pathways for biodegradation.

Solvents play key role in the area of Green Chemistry research. In this review eight pyrene-based signaling units with different metal binding units Schiff bases have been considered to observe metal binding unit dependent fluorescence enhancement. These Schiff bases can be synthesized using green solvents to enhance the greenness of synthetic procedure. All the Schiff bases are both colorimetric and fluorometric sensors. All the sensors exhibit high selectivity for Cu²⁺ ion detection via the inhibition of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process in semi-aqueous medium. In the presence of Cu²⁺ ion, all the sensors exhibit significant fluorescence enhancement in semi-aqueous medium. On the other hand, various metal ions like Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe²⁺, Hg²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ produce minor changes in fluorescence intensity. Density Functional Theory calculations have been performed to show the structure and electronic properties of sensors III, IV, V, VII, VIII and their copper complexes. The detection limit of the Schiff base sensors was different. The difference in the metal binding units of the sensors was the reason for this observation.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria in environment. The pathogen is responsible for major disease outbreaks. The prevalence and occurrence of drug-resistant ETEC (against existing antimicrobials) in environment is alarming for human health. In view of these, the present study aims to develop a new candidate antimicrobial agent. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized by a green approach using milky latex of Calotropis procera. The formation of nanoparticles was evidenced primarily by visual observation and then confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and Electron Microscopy. The morphology of nanoparticles was found to be quite spherical within the size range of 13 nm. Synthesized ZnO-NPs were found to be effective as an antimicrobial agent against ETEC, isolated from pre-identified sites of Gwalior city. The data demonstrate that ZnO-NPs synthesized by milky latex of Calotropis procera have a wide range of antibacterial activities towards the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

The current research was performed to know the concentrations of BTEX at various sites of Delhi. BTEX compounds make a significant impact in the formation of photochemical smog. Though harmful properties and impact of BTEX had been recognized, still existing literature is scarce, especially in India. In this study, BTEX concentrations had been measured at five different locations in Delhi i.e. Remote area, Commercial area, Residential area, Traffic intersection area and Industrial area. Time period for the study was two years and the levels of BTEX were detected on monthly basis at the selected locations using passive sampling. The yearly average levels of Benzene was reported higher at all the sites in quantity as compared to recommended limit given by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2009 (NAAQS) of Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi i.e. 5 µg/m³ except at Remote area from June-2015 to May-2016 (II year).BTEX concentrations were measured to the highest values during winter season at the Traffic intersection area with the highest Benzene level i.e. 14.47µg/m³and to the lowest values with the lowest Benzene level at 4.64 µg/m³ at the Remote area in monsoon season. The concentrations of BTEX were decreased in this order: Traffic intersection area> Industrial area> Commercial area> Residential area> Remote area. The high levels of pollutants in Delhi is due to increase in vehicular traffic, improper tuning of engines, smoking, industrialized trash, burning of crop residue in winter season, solvent handling and adulteration of fuel due to mixing of BTEX etc. Though, there is a decrease in levels of BTEX pollutants from June-2015 to May-2016 (II year) of their measurements as compared to June-2014 to May-2015 (I year) due to various actions of government, but to decrease these pollutants at desirable levels in the best interest of mankind, administration must implement instant actions for the regulation of volatile organic compounds particularly BTEX in Delhi city along with observing these compounds (VOCs) in other major cities & to plan multiple programmes among the common people so that they get awareness regarding the harmful impact of BTEX.

Rare earth element (REE) cerium doped zinc oxide (Ce_xZn_1-xO (x = 0.0, 0.25 and 0.50) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using zinc acetate, cerium nitrate as precursors, Aloe vera leaf extract as reducing agent. Structural, morphological, optical activity and antibacterial properties of Ce_xZn_1-xO were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, HR-SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, UV-Visible, PL spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of Ce_xZn_1-xO NPs were tested by modified disc diffusion (MDD) method. XRD results showed that the Ce³⁺ ions were successfully incorporated into the ZnO host, and the products were well-crystalline nature. The average crystallite sizes of Ce_xZn_1-xO NPs were found to be in the range 18.45 nm -15.28 nm. In addition, the sphere-like morphology of Ce_xZn_1-xO NPs was confirmed by HR-SEM and HR-TEM images. The band gap (Eg) of products was varying with the Ce³⁺ ions substitution (x) and it increases the defects in ZnO and hence resulting red shift in UV emission which indicate the presence of narrow band gap in the products. In addition the as-synthesized Ce_xZn_1-xO NPs have important antibacterial activity (ABA) both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhii and Bacillus subtilis by disc diffusion method with small modification.

The by-products of vegetables, spices and fruits are one of the sources of pollution if not utilized or discarded properly. If utilized properly, these wastes may prove to be beneficial to mankind because of their diverse phytochemical components. In the present study the primary phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of fermented peels of Allium cepa (onion) and Zingiber officinale (ginger), and seed of Mangifera indica (mango) has been evaluated. Analysis of phytochemical components was carried out by utilizing standard methods. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the fermented waste extracts consist of alkaloid, tannins, flavanoids, phenolic flavanoids, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and phlobatannins. Antioxidant activity was studied using DPPH assay, where ascorbic acid was used as reference antioxidant. The fermented peel extracts of Allium cepa shows highest antioxidant potential amongst the wastes under study.

The inhibition of the corrosion of zinc in sulphuric acid solution by N, N-Diethylaniline (DEA) has been studied using weight loss, Potentiodynamic Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic (EIS) techniques. Corrosion rate increases with the increase in acid concentration and with increase in temperature. As inhibitor concentration increases corrosion rate decreases while percentage of inhibition efficiency (I.E.) increases. At constant inhibitor concentration, corrosion rate and I.E. increases with increase in acid concentration. Maximum I.E. of DEA was found up to 96.98 % at 60 mM inhibitor concentration in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution. The value of free energy of adsorption (DG⁰_ads), heat of adsorption (Q_ads), energy of activation, (E_a), enthalpy of adsorption (DH⁰_ads) and entropy of adsorption (DS⁰_ads) were calculated. The inhibition effect is discussed in view of DEA molecules adsorbed on the metal surface and it obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization curve indicates that inhibitor act as mixed type. The results obtained showed that the DEA could serve as an effective inhibitor for corrosion of zinc in sulphuric acid.

Spinel Ni_xCo_1-xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated through structural, morphological and magnetic measurements using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) analyses. Powder XRD and SAED data indicated the presence of nanocrystalline cubic spinel with single phase. The lattice parameters of the samples gradually increased with increasing Ni content and follow Vegard’s law. The crystallite size (D) and X-ray density of Ni_xCo_1-xFe₂O₄ samples decreased with increasing Ni content. The spherical shape morphology of spinel Ni_xCo_1-xFe₂O₄ ferrite particles and grain size (26.45, 24.36 and 22.65 nm for x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0. 5, respectively) was established by TEM. VSM analysis showed the typical magnetic properties of Ni_xCo_1-xFe₂O₄ spinels. The shape of the magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops revealed the dependence of superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature (RT).

: Air pollution is a significant problem all over the world. Numerous scientific communities had given the evidence of air pollution impact on humans and environment. The effects of these changes on the smaller city like Saharanpur still need to be investigated. This study concludes that concentration of SPM and PM₁₀ recorded at three unique destinations is more than the normal limit. The results of fortnightly (8hrly) data for two years study during July 2015 to June 2016 and July 2016 to June 2017 shows the gradual increase in SPM and PM₁₀ from Residential area to Industrial area and Industrial area to Traffic intersection area was observed. Variation in the levels of different pollutants i.e. SPM and PM₁₀ at different sites shows the location and Meteorological effects, which may be attributed to varying nature and quantum of emissions from stationary and mobile sources, wind pattern and transported pollution load from other sources/areas etc. The annual average of PM₁₀ of both years was averaged out as 116.64 µg/m³, 169.22 µg/m³ and 178.97 µg/m³ for Residential Area, Industrial Area and Traffic Intersection Area ( 1.9 times, 2.82 times & 2.98 times the  National Ambient Air Quality Standards of 60 µg/m³ respectively)">

Traditional medicine using herbal drugs exists in every part of the world. Although the philosophies of these traditional medicines have resemblance with each other, they differ widely from modern Western medicine. Herbal drugs have the advantage of being available for patients in the geographical area of the special traditional medicine. The plant Punica granatum L. is commonly called as Pomegranate. Pomegranate leaves are used to calm the stomach disorders or diarrhea triggered due to any kind of digestive problems. Tannins are obtained from leaves, which are useful as medicine. The present study is detailed out to complete the evaluation of leaves which includes morphology, anatomical, physicochemical parameters like total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, extractive value and TLC. The study will help in correct identification of crude drug i.e. Punica granatum.

We present a series of visible light responsive active carbon/ZnO (xAC/ZnO) nanocomposite photocatalysts prepared by simple sol-gel method. The successfully synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Brunauer Emmett Teller method (BET),UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL).The XRD pattern of prepared photocatalysts assigned the hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO. UV-DRS study confirmed the shift in spectral response more towards visible region after formation of nanocomposite photocatalyst. Fluorescence study revealed the increased e/h pair separation in xAC/ZnO photocatalysts as compared to pure ZnO. The dye degradation rate of prepared samples was studied by methyl orange dye under solar light irradiation. The xAC/ZnO nanocomposite shows significant enhancement in the photocatalytic efficiency. The 5wt%AC with ZnO was found to be the optimum concentration for the synthesis of nanocomposite with the highest photocatalytic activity. The high adsorption tendency of active carbon, decreased e/h pair recombination and extended visible light absorption attribute to the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. 

In the present paper, we have given the detailed informations about significance of water in human life, hardness of water & its removal, water pollution, causes, harmful effects and remedies. The table of Indian Standard of Drinking Water-Specification, is given to analyse the results which will be very helpful to the researchers involved in water pollution and its removal